作者：陈科

联系方式：chenke1818@gmail.com

转载请说明出处：http://www.dumpcache.com/wiki/doku.php?id=about_redis_7

本章我们来分析下和string相关的命令,在分析之前我们先来看下string的内部实现sds,这是redis保存string的基本数据结构：

typedef char *sds;

struct sdshdr {
    unsigned int len;
    unsigned int free;
    char buf[];
};

redis的所有数据最基本的结构就是sds，所以我们来追述下它的来龙去脉，首先我们看客户端初始化的过程：

acceptTcpHandler→acceptCommonHandler→createClient，我们看createClient函数的代码：

redisClient *createClient(int fd) {
    redisClient *c = zmalloc(sizeof(redisClient));

    /* passing -1 as fd it is possible to create a non connected client.
     * This is useful since all the Redis commands needs to be executed
     * in the context of a client. When commands are executed in other
     * contexts (for instance a Lua script) we need a non connected client. */
    if (fd != -1) {
        anetNonBlock(NULL,fd);
        anetEnableTcpNoDelay(NULL,fd);
        if (server.tcpkeepalive)
            anetKeepAlive(NULL,fd,server.tcpkeepalive);
        if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE,
            readQueryFromClient, c) == AE_ERR)
        {
            close(fd);
            zfree(c);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    selectDb(c,0);
    c->id = server.next_client_id++;
    c->fd = fd;
    c->name = NULL;
    c->bufpos = 0;
    c->querybuf = sdsempty();
    c->querybuf_peak = 0;
    c->reqtype = 0;
    c->argc = 0;
    c->argv = NULL;
    c->cmd = c->lastcmd = NULL;
    c->multibulklen = 0;
    c->bulklen = -1;
    c->sentlen = 0;
    c->flags = 0;
    c->ctime = c->lastinteraction = server.unixtime;
    c->authenticated = 0;
    c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_NONE;
    c->repl_put_online_on_ack = 0;
    c->reploff = 0;
    c->repl_ack_off = 0;
    c->repl_ack_time = 0;
    c->slave_listening_port = 0;
    c->reply = listCreate();
    c->reply_bytes = 0;
    c->obuf_soft_limit_reached_time = 0;
    listSetFreeMethod(c->reply,decrRefCountVoid);
    listSetDupMethod(c->reply,dupClientReplyValue);
    c->bpop.keys = dictCreate(&setDictType,NULL);
    c->bpop.timeout = 0;
    c->bpop.target = NULL;
    c->watched_keys = listCreate();
    c->pubsub_channels = dictCreate(&setDictType,NULL);
    c->pubsub_patterns = listCreate();
    c->peerid = NULL;
    listSetFreeMethod(c->pubsub_patterns,decrRefCountVoid);
    listSetMatchMethod(c->pubsub_patterns,listMatchObjects);
    if (fd != -1) listAddNodeTail(server.clients,c);
    initClientMultiState(c);
    return c;
}

上面主要关注：

c->querybuf = sdsempty();

我们终于弄明白了client的querybuf是如何初始化了。接下来再看sdsempty的实现：

sds sdsempty(void) {
    return sdsnewlen("",0);
}

其实就sdsnewlen函数创建了一个空字符串，再来看sdsnewlen:

sds sdsnewlen(const void *init, size_t initlen) {
    struct sdshdr *sh;

    if (init) {
        sh = zmalloc(sizeof(struct sdshdr)+initlen+1);
    } else {
        sh = zcalloc(sizeof(struct sdshdr)+initlen+1);
    }
    if (sh == NULL) return NULL;
    sh->len = initlen;
    sh->free = 0;
    if (initlen && init)
        memcpy(sh->buf, init, initlen);
    sh->buf[initlen] = '\0';
    return (char*)sh->buf;
}

这回我们终于弄明白了，我们来画一下原理图：

另外我们再看下sdsMakeRoomFor函数，此函数用于字符串空间的分配和扩展：

sds sdsMakeRoomFor(sds s, size_t addlen) {
    struct sdshdr *sh, *newsh;
    size_t free = sdsavail(s);
    size_t len, newlen;

    if (free >= addlen) return s;
    len = sdslen(s);
    sh = (void*) (s-(sizeof(struct sdshdr)));
    newlen = (len+addlen);
    if (newlen < SDS_MAX_PREALLOC)
        newlen *= 2;
    else
        newlen += SDS_MAX_PREALLOC;
    newsh = zrealloc(sh, sizeof(struct sdshdr)+newlen+1);
    if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;

    newsh->free = newlen - len;
    return newsh->buf;
}

注意：这里可以看到假如要分配分内存最终小于：SDS_MAX_PREALLOC（1024*1024）,那么将会提前预分配2倍的内存。

这几个命令最终都调用了setGenericCommand函数，至于命令如何使用，我不再过多解释了，直接看redis的官方手册吧，我复制黏贴也没什么意思，http://redis.io/commands ：

/* SET key value [NX] [XX] [EX <seconds>] [PX <milliseconds>] */
void setCommand(redisClient *c) {
    int j;
    robj *expire = NULL;
    int unit = UNIT_SECONDS;
    int flags = REDIS_SET_NO_FLAGS;

    for (j = 3; j < c->argc; j++) {
        char *a = c->argv[j]->ptr;
        robj *next = (j == c->argc-1) ? NULL : c->argv[j+1];

        if ((a[0] == 'n' || a[0] == 'N') &&
            (a[1] == 'x' || a[1] == 'X') && a[2] == '\0') {
            flags |= REDIS_SET_NX;
        } else if ((a[0] == 'x' || a[0] == 'X') &&
                   (a[1] == 'x' || a[1] == 'X') && a[2] == '\0') {
            flags |= REDIS_SET_XX;
        } else if ((a[0] == 'e' || a[0] == 'E') &&
                   (a[1] == 'x' || a[1] == 'X') && a[2] == '\0' && next) {
            unit = UNIT_SECONDS;
            expire = next;
            j++;
        } else if ((a[0] == 'p' || a[0] == 'P') &&
                   (a[1] == 'x' || a[1] == 'X') && a[2] == '\0' && next) {
            unit = UNIT_MILLISECONDS;
            expire = next;
            j++;
        } else {
            addReply(c,shared.syntaxerr);
            return;
        }
    }

    c->argv[2] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[2]);
    setGenericCommand(c,flags,c->argv[1],c->argv[2],expire,unit,NULL,NULL);
}

void setnxCommand(redisClient *c) {
    c->argv[2] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[2]);
    setGenericCommand(c,REDIS_SET_NX,c->argv[1],c->argv[2],NULL,0,shared.cone,shared.czero);
}

void setexCommand(redisClient *c) {
    c->argv[3] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[3]);
    setGenericCommand(c,REDIS_SET_NO_FLAGS,c->argv[1],c->argv[3],c->argv[2],UNIT_SECONDS,NULL,NULL);
}

void psetexCommand(redisClient *c) {
    c->argv[3] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[3]);
    setGenericCommand(c,REDIS_SET_NO_FLAGS,c->argv[1],c->argv[3],c->argv[2],UNIT_MILLISECONDS,NULL,NULL);
}

我们再来看setGenericCommand函数：

void setGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int flags, robj *key, robj *val, robj *expire, int unit, robj *ok_reply, robj *abort_reply) {
    long long milliseconds = 0; /* initialized to avoid any harmness warning */

    if (expire) {
        if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c, expire, &milliseconds, NULL) != REDIS_OK)
            return;
        if (milliseconds <= 0) {
            addReplyErrorFormat(c,"invalid expire time in %s",c->cmd->name);
            return;
        }
        if (unit == UNIT_SECONDS) milliseconds *= 1000;
    }

    if ((flags & REDIS_SET_NX && lookupKeyWrite(c->db,key) != NULL) ||
        (flags & REDIS_SET_XX && lookupKeyWrite(c->db,key) == NULL))
    {
        addReply(c, abort_reply ? abort_reply : shared.nullbulk);
        return;
    }
    setKey(c->db,key,val);
    server.dirty++;
    if (expire) setExpire(c->db,key,mstime()+milliseconds);
    notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,"set",key,c->db->id);
    if (expire) notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_GENERIC,
        "expire",key,c->db->id);
    addReply(c, ok_reply ? ok_reply : shared.ok);
}

该函数执行过程如下：

1.提供过期时间赋值给milliseconds

2.如果时间单位为秒（UNIT_SECONDS），则：milliseconds *= 1000

3.如果使用了NX选项并且可以查找到指定的key或者使用了XX选项并且查找不到指定的key，那么回复客户端abort_reply 或 shared.nullbulk

4.setKey(c→db,key,val)把(k→v)存入到指定的数据库中。

5.server.dirty++;

6.如果有过期时间则设置过期时间

7.notifyKeyspaceEvent

8.响应客户端：ok_reply 或 shared.ok

命令格式为：

SETBIT key offset bitvalue

void setbitCommand(redisClient *c) {
    robj *o;
    char *err = "bit is not an integer or out of range";
    size_t bitoffset;
    int byte, bit;
    int byteval, bitval;
    long on;

    if (getBitOffsetFromArgument(c,c->argv[2],&bitoffset) != REDIS_OK)
        return;

    if (getLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[3],&on,err) != REDIS_OK)
        return;

    /* Bits can only be set or cleared... */
    if (on & ~1) {
        addReplyError(c,err);
        return;
    }

    o = lookupKeyWrite(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    if (o == NULL) {
        o = createObject(REDIS_STRING,sdsempty());
        dbAdd(c->db,c->argv[1],o);
    } else {
        if (checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING)) return;
        o = dbUnshareStringValue(c->db,c->argv[1],o);
    }

    /* Grow sds value to the right length if necessary */
    byte = bitoffset >> 3;
    o->ptr = sdsgrowzero(o->ptr,byte+1);

    /* Get current values */
    byteval = ((uint8_t*)o->ptr)[byte];
    bit = 7 - (bitoffset & 0x7);
    bitval = byteval & (1 << bit);

    /* Update byte with new bit value and return original value */
    byteval &= ~(1 << bit);
    byteval |= ((on & 0x1) << bit);
    ((uint8_t*)o->ptr)[byte] = byteval;
    signalModifiedKey(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,"setbit",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
    server.dirty++;
    addReply(c, bitval ? shared.cone : shared.czero);
}

该函数执行过程如下：

1.获取bitoffset的值

2.获取要设置的值给on

3.假如on的值非0或者1（on & ~1）那么，返回客户端err(bit is not an integer or out of range)

4.查找key对应的对象，如不存在则创建一个。

5.如果值不是string类型，则返回客户端wrongtypeerr。如果对象的编码类型不是REDIS_ENCODING_RAW或者refcount>1，那么将会解码对象并且将对转换成string类型，同时decrRefCount，并且覆盖db中的对象。

6.如果对象字符串长度不够，则进行扩展sdsgrowzero

7.获得当前需要设置位的值：

byteval = ((uint8_t*)o->ptr)[byte];
    bit = 7 - (bitoffset & 0x7);
    bitval = byteval & (1 << bit);

8.把on赋给该bit位：

byteval &= ~(1 << bit);
    byteval |= ((on & 0x1) << bit);
    ((uint8_t*)o->ptr)[byte] = byteval;

9.signalModifiedKey

10.notifyKeyspaceEvent

11.server.dirty++

12.如果设置为1则返回客户端1，否则返回0.

这是SETBIT的一个反过程，只要理解了SETBIT这个就很容易理解：

/* GETBIT key offset */
void getbitCommand(redisClient *c) {
    robj *o;
    char llbuf[32];
    size_t bitoffset;
    size_t byte, bit;
    size_t bitval = 0;

    if (getBitOffsetFromArgument(c,c->argv[2],&bitoffset) != REDIS_OK)
        return;

    if ((o = lookupKeyReadOrReply(c,c->argv[1],shared.czero)) == NULL ||
        checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING)) return;

    byte = bitoffset >> 3;
    bit = 7 - (bitoffset & 0x7);
    if (o->encoding != REDIS_ENCODING_RAW) {
        if (byte < (size_t)ll2string(llbuf,sizeof(llbuf),(long)o->ptr))
            bitval = llbuf[byte] & (1 << bit);
    } else {
        if (byte < sdslen(o->ptr))
            bitval = ((uint8_t*)o->ptr)[byte] & (1 << bit);
    }

    addReply(c, bitval ? shared.cone : shared.czero);
}

该命令用于计算被设置为1的位数总共有几个。

格式为：

BITCOUNT key [start end]

代码如下：

/* BITCOUNT key [start end] */
void bitcountCommand(redisClient *c) {
    robj *o;
    long start, end, strlen;
    unsigned char *p;
    char llbuf[32];

    /* Lookup, check for type, and return 0 for non existing keys. */
    if ((o = lookupKeyReadOrReply(c,c->argv[1],shared.czero)) == NULL ||
        checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING)) return;

    /* Set the 'p' pointer to the string, that can be just a stack allocated
     * array if our string was integer encoded. */
    if (o->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_INT) {
        p = (unsigned char*) llbuf;
        strlen = ll2string(llbuf,sizeof(llbuf),(long)o->ptr);
    } else {
        p = (unsigned char*) o->ptr;
        strlen = sdslen(o->ptr);
    }

    /* Parse start/end range if any. */
    if (c->argc == 4) {
        if (getLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[2],&start,NULL) != REDIS_OK)
            return;
        if (getLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[3],&end,NULL) != REDIS_OK)
            return;
        /* Convert negative indexes */
        if (start < 0) start = strlen+start;
        if (end < 0) end = strlen+end;
        if (start < 0) start = 0;
        if (end < 0) end = 0;
        if (end >= strlen) end = strlen-1;
    } else if (c->argc == 2) {
        /* The whole string. */
        start = 0;
        end = strlen-1;
    } else {
        /* Syntax error. */
        addReply(c,shared.syntaxerr);
        return;
    }

    /* Precondition: end >= 0 && end < strlen, so the only condition where
     * zero can be returned is: start > end. */
    if (start > end) {
        addReply(c,shared.czero);
    } else {
        long bytes = end-start+1;

        addReplyLongLong(c,redisPopcount(p+start,bytes));
    }
}

格式为：

BITOP op_name target_key src_key1 src_key2 src_key3 … src_keyN

该方法对指定的srckey做位操作，并把结果保存到target_key中。

op_name为：

and

or

xor

not

代码如下：

/* BITOP op_name target_key src_key1 src_key2 src_key3 ... src_keyN */
void bitopCommand(redisClient *c) {
    char *opname = c->argv[1]->ptr;
    robj *o, *targetkey = c->argv[2];
    unsigned long op, j, numkeys;
    robj **objects;      /* Array of source objects. */
    unsigned char **src; /* Array of source strings pointers. */
    unsigned long *len, maxlen = 0; /* Array of length of src strings,
                                       and max len. */
    unsigned long minlen = 0;    /* Min len among the input keys. */
    unsigned char *res = NULL; /* Resulting string. */

    /* Parse the operation name. */
    if ((opname[0] == 'a' || opname[0] == 'A') && !strcasecmp(opname,"and"))
        op = BITOP_AND;
    else if((opname[0] == 'o' || opname[0] == 'O') && !strcasecmp(opname,"or"))
        op = BITOP_OR;
    else if((opname[0] == 'x' || opname[0] == 'X') && !strcasecmp(opname,"xor"))
        op = BITOP_XOR;
    else if((opname[0] == 'n' || opname[0] == 'N') && !strcasecmp(opname,"not"))
        op = BITOP_NOT;
    else {
        addReply(c,shared.syntaxerr);
        return;
    }

    /* Sanity check: NOT accepts only a single key argument. */
    if (op == BITOP_NOT && c->argc != 4) {
        addReplyError(c,"BITOP NOT must be called with a single source key.");
        return;
    }

    /* Lookup keys, and store pointers to the string objects into an array. */
    numkeys = c->argc - 3;
    src = zmalloc(sizeof(unsigned char*) * numkeys);
    len = zmalloc(sizeof(long) * numkeys);
    objects = zmalloc(sizeof(robj*) * numkeys);
    for (j = 0; j < numkeys; j++) {
        o = lookupKeyRead(c->db,c->argv[j+3]);
        /* Handle non-existing keys as empty strings. */
        if (o == NULL) {
            objects[j] = NULL;
            src[j] = NULL;
            len[j] = 0;
            minlen = 0;
            continue;
        }
        /* Return an error if one of the keys is not a string. */
        if (checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING)) {
            unsigned long i;
            for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {
                if (objects[i])
                    decrRefCount(objects[i]);
            }
            zfree(src);
            zfree(len);
            zfree(objects);
            return;
        }
        objects[j] = getDecodedObject(o);
        src[j] = objects[j]->ptr;
        len[j] = sdslen(objects[j]->ptr);
        if (len[j] > maxlen) maxlen = len[j];
        if (j == 0 || len[j] < minlen) minlen = len[j];
    }

    /* Compute the bit operation, if at least one string is not empty. */
    if (maxlen) {
        res = (unsigned char*) sdsnewlen(NULL,maxlen);
        unsigned char output, byte;
        unsigned long i;

        /* Fast path: as far as we have data for all the input bitmaps we
         * can take a fast path that performs much better than the
         * vanilla algorithm. */
        j = 0;
        if (minlen && numkeys <= 16) {
            unsigned long *lp[16];
            unsigned long *lres = (unsigned long*) res;

            /* Note: sds pointer is always aligned to 8 byte boundary. */
            memcpy(lp,src,sizeof(unsigned long*)*numkeys);
            memcpy(res,src[0],minlen);

            /* Different branches per different operations for speed (sorry). */
            if (op == BITOP_AND) {
                while(minlen >= sizeof(unsigned long)*4) {
                    for (i = 1; i < numkeys; i++) {
                        lres[0] &= lp[i][0];
                        lres[1] &= lp[i][1];
                        lres[2] &= lp[i][2];
                        lres[3] &= lp[i][3];
                        lp[i]+=4;
                    }
                    lres+=4;
                    j += sizeof(unsigned long)*4;
                    minlen -= sizeof(unsigned long)*4;
                }
            } else if (op == BITOP_OR) {
                while(minlen >= sizeof(unsigned long)*4) {
                    for (i = 1; i < numkeys; i++) {
                        lres[0] |= lp[i][0];
                        lres[1] |= lp[i][1];
                        lres[2] |= lp[i][2];
                        lres[3] |= lp[i][3];
                        lp[i]+=4;
                    }
                    lres+=4;
                    j += sizeof(unsigned long)*4;
                    minlen -= sizeof(unsigned long)*4;
                }
            } else if (op == BITOP_XOR) {
                while(minlen >= sizeof(unsigned long)*4) {
                    for (i = 1; i < numkeys; i++) {
                        lres[0] ^= lp[i][0];
                        lres[1] ^= lp[i][1];
                        lres[2] ^= lp[i][2];
                        lres[3] ^= lp[i][3];
                        lp[i]+=4;
                    }
                    lres+=4;
                    j += sizeof(unsigned long)*4;
                    minlen -= sizeof(unsigned long)*4;
                }
            } else if (op == BITOP_NOT) {
                while(minlen >= sizeof(unsigned long)*4) {
                    lres[0] = ~lres[0];
                    lres[1] = ~lres[1];
                    lres[2] = ~lres[2];
                    lres[3] = ~lres[3];
                    lres+=4;
                    j += sizeof(unsigned long)*4;
                    minlen -= sizeof(unsigned long)*4;
                }
            }
        }

        /* j is set to the next byte to process by the previous loop. */
        for (; j < maxlen; j++) {
            output = (len[0] <= j) ? 0 : src[0][j];
            if (op == BITOP_NOT) output = ~output;
            for (i = 1; i < numkeys; i++) {
                byte = (len[i] <= j) ? 0 : src[i][j];
                switch(op) {
                case BITOP_AND: output &= byte; break;
                case BITOP_OR:  output |= byte; break;
                case BITOP_XOR: output ^= byte; break;
                }
            }
            res[j] = output;
        }
    }
    for (j = 0; j < numkeys; j++) {
        if (objects[j])
            decrRefCount(objects[j]);
    }
    zfree(src);
    zfree(len);
    zfree(objects);

    /* Store the computed value into the target key */
    if (maxlen) {
        o = createObject(REDIS_STRING,res);
        setKey(c->db,targetkey,o);
        notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,"set",targetkey,c->db->id);
        decrRefCount(o);
    } else if (dbDelete(c->db,targetkey)) {
        signalModifiedKey(c->db,targetkey);
        notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_GENERIC,"del",targetkey,c->db->id);
    }
    server.dirty++;
    addReplyLongLong(c,maxlen); /* Return the output string length in bytes. */
}

此函数执行过程如下：

1.解析operation name是否在and/or/xor/not这4种类型，否则返回syntaxerr给客户端。

2.如果是not类型的，那么只支持一个src_key，否则返回客户端:BITOP NOT must be called with a single source key.

3.查找src_key并且保存成src数组

4.进行位运算

5.讲计算结果res存到target_key中，假如src_key不存在则删除target_key

命令格式：

SETRANGE key offset value

用 value 参数覆写(overwrite)给定 key 所储存的字符串值，从偏移量 offset 开始。

void setrangeCommand(redisClient *c) {
    robj *o;
    long offset;
    sds value = c->argv[3]->ptr;

    if (getLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[2],&offset,NULL) != REDIS_OK)
        return;

    if (offset < 0) {
        addReplyError(c,"offset is out of range");
        return;
    }

    o = lookupKeyWrite(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    if (o == NULL) {
        /* Return 0 when setting nothing on a non-existing string */
        if (sdslen(value) == 0) {
            addReply(c,shared.czero);
            return;
        }

        /* Return when the resulting string exceeds allowed size */
        if (checkStringLength(c,offset+sdslen(value)) != REDIS_OK)
            return;

        o = createObject(REDIS_STRING,sdsempty());
        dbAdd(c->db,c->argv[1],o);
    } else {
        size_t olen;

        /* Key exists, check type */
        if (checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING))
            return;

        /* Return existing string length when setting nothing */
        olen = stringObjectLen(o);
        if (sdslen(value) == 0) {
            addReplyLongLong(c,olen);
            return;
        }

        /* Return when the resulting string exceeds allowed size */
        if (checkStringLength(c,offset+sdslen(value)) != REDIS_OK)
            return;

        /* Create a copy when the object is shared or encoded. */
        o = dbUnshareStringValue(c->db,c->argv[1],o);
    }

    if (sdslen(value) > 0) {
        o->ptr = sdsgrowzero(o->ptr,offset+sdslen(value));
        memcpy((char*)o->ptr+offset,value,sdslen(value));
        signalModifiedKey(c->db,c->argv[1]);
        notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,
            "setrange",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
        server.dirty++;
    }
    addReplyLongLong(c,sdslen(o->ptr));
}

执行过程如下：

1.获取value

2.获取偏移量

3.如果offset<0则返回客户端：offset is out of range

4.查找key对应的对象

5.如果key的对象不存在则创建一个空的，如果要设置的value为空，则返回客户端0.

6.如果要设置的对象不是REDIS_STRING类型，直接返回。

7.根据偏移量进行值的设置。

8.signalModifiedKey&notifyKeyspaceEvent&server.dirty++

9.返回客户端字符串的长度。

这个比较简单，获取字符串的长度：

void strlenCommand(redisClient *c) {
    robj *o;
    if ((o = lookupKeyReadOrReply(c,c->argv[1],shared.czero)) == NULL ||
        checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING)) return;
    addReplyLongLong(c,stringObjectLen(o));
}

再看stringObjectLen：

size_t stringObjectLen(robj *o) {
    redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,o,o->type == REDIS_STRING);
    if (o->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_RAW) {
        return sdslen(o->ptr);
    } else {
        char buf[32];

        return ll2string(buf,32,(long)o->ptr);
    }
}

可见假如o→encoding 不是REDIS_ENCODING_RAW编码类型的，则会转化成32位的整数。

这个也比较简单：

void appendCommand(redisClient *c) {
    size_t totlen;
    robj *o, *append;

    o = lookupKeyWrite(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    if (o == NULL) {
        /* Create the key */
        c->argv[2] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[2]);
        dbAdd(c->db,c->argv[1],c->argv[2]);
        incrRefCount(c->argv[2]);
        totlen = stringObjectLen(c->argv[2]);
    } else {
        /* Key exists, check type */
        if (checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING))
            return;

        /* "append" is an argument, so always an sds */
        append = c->argv[2];
        totlen = stringObjectLen(o)+sdslen(append->ptr);
        if (checkStringLength(c,totlen) != REDIS_OK)
            return;

        /* Append the value */
        o = dbUnshareStringValue(c->db,c->argv[1],o);
        o->ptr = sdscatlen(o->ptr,append->ptr,sdslen(append->ptr));
        totlen = sdslen(o->ptr);
    }
    signalModifiedKey(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,"append",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
    server.dirty++;
    addReplyLongLong(c,totlen);
}

最终通过sdscatlen来做字符串拼接：

sds sdscatlen(sds s, const void *t, size_t len) {
    struct sdshdr *sh;
    size_t curlen = sdslen(s);

    s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,len);
    if (s == NULL) return NULL;
    sh = (void*) (s-(sizeof(struct sdshdr)));
    memcpy(s+curlen, t, len);
    sh->len = curlen+len;
    sh->free = sh->free-len;
    s[curlen+len] = '\0';
    return s;
}

这几个原理相似，都是调用了incrDecrCommand函数：

void incrCommand(redisClient *c) {
    incrDecrCommand(c,1);
}

void decrCommand(redisClient *c) {
    incrDecrCommand(c,-1);
}

void incrbyCommand(redisClient *c) {
    long long incr;

    if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c, c->argv[2], &incr, NULL) != REDIS_OK) return;
    incrDecrCommand(c,incr);
}

我们再来看incrDecrCommand函数执行过程：

void incrDecrCommand(redisClient *c, long long incr) {
    long long value, oldvalue;
    robj *o, *new;

    o = lookupKeyWrite(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    if (o != NULL && checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING)) return;
    if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c,o,&value,NULL) != REDIS_OK) return;

    oldvalue = value;
    if ((incr < 0 && oldvalue < 0 && incr < (LLONG_MIN-oldvalue)) ||
        (incr > 0 && oldvalue > 0 && incr > (LLONG_MAX-oldvalue))) {
        addReplyError(c,"increment or decrement would overflow");
        return;
    }
    value += incr;
    new = createStringObjectFromLongLong(value);
    if (o)
        dbOverwrite(c->db,c->argv[1],new);
    else
        dbAdd(c->db,c->argv[1],new);
    signalModifiedKey(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,"incrby",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
    server.dirty++;
    addReply(c,shared.colon);
    addReply(c,new);
    addReply(c,shared.crlf);
}

1.假如溢出了则返回客户端:increment or decrement would overflow

2.value += incr;

3.覆盖或者添加新值给指定的key.

4.signalModifiedKey&notifyKeyspaceEvent&server.dirty++

5.返回客户端:“:value\r\n”

这两个函数最终都调用了getGenericCommand：

void getCommand(redisClient *c) {
    getGenericCommand(c);
}

void getsetCommand(redisClient *c) {
    if (getGenericCommand(c) == REDIS_ERR) return;
    c->argv[2] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[2]);
    setKey(c->db,c->argv[1],c->argv[2]);
    notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,"set",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
    server.dirty++;
}

我们再看getGenericCommand：

int getGenericCommand(redisClient *c) {
    robj *o;

    if ((o = lookupKeyReadOrReply(c,c->argv[1],shared.nullbulk)) == NULL)
        return REDIS_OK;

    if (o->type != REDIS_STRING) {
        addReply(c,shared.wrongtypeerr);
        return REDIS_ERR;
    } else {
        addReplyBulk(c,o);
        return REDIS_OK;
    }
}

void mgetCommand(redisClient *c) {
    int j;

    addReplyMultiBulkLen(c,c->argc-1);
    for (j = 1; j < c->argc; j++) {
        robj *o = lookupKeyRead(c->db,c->argv[j]);
        if (o == NULL) {
            addReply(c,shared.nullbulk);
        } else {
            if (o->type != REDIS_STRING) {
                addReply(c,shared.nullbulk);
            } else {
                addReplyBulk(c,o);
            }
        }
    }
}

其实就是一个遍历get的过程

这两个函数都调用了：msetGenericCommand

void msetCommand(redisClient *c) {
    msetGenericCommand(c,0);
}

void msetnxCommand(redisClient *c) {
    msetGenericCommand(c,1);
}

我们再看msetGenericCommand：

void msetGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int nx) {
    int j, busykeys = 0;

    if ((c->argc % 2) == 0) {
        addReplyError(c,"wrong number of arguments for MSET");
        return;
    }
    /* Handle the NX flag. The MSETNX semantic is to return zero and don't
     * set nothing at all if at least one already key exists. */
    if (nx) {
        for (j = 1; j < c->argc; j += 2) {
            if (lookupKeyWrite(c->db,c->argv[j]) != NULL) {
                busykeys++;
            }
        }
        if (busykeys) {
            addReply(c, shared.czero);
            return;
        }
    }

    for (j = 1; j < c->argc; j += 2) {
        c->argv[j+1] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[j+1]);
        setKey(c->db,c->argv[j],c->argv[j+1]);
        notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,"set",c->argv[j],c->db->id);
    }
    server.dirty += (c->argc-1)/2;
    addReply(c, nx ? shared.cone : shared.ok);
}

唯一的区别就是假如设置了NX标志位，那么假如一旦存在已存在的健值对象，那么则返回客户端0.

这是setrange的反过程，用于获取指定偏移的字符串的数据：

void getrangeCommand(redisClient *c) {
    robj *o;
    long long start, end;
    char *str, llbuf[32];
    size_t strlen;

    if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[2],&start,NULL) != REDIS_OK)
        return;
    if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[3],&end,NULL) != REDIS_OK)
        return;
    if ((o = lookupKeyReadOrReply(c,c->argv[1],shared.emptybulk)) == NULL ||
        checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING)) return;

    if (o->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_INT) {
        str = llbuf;
        strlen = ll2string(llbuf,sizeof(llbuf),(long)o->ptr);
    } else {
        str = o->ptr;
        strlen = sdslen(str);
    }

    /* Convert negative indexes */
    if (start < 0) start = strlen+start;
    if (end < 0) end = strlen+end;
    if (start < 0) start = 0;
    if (end < 0) end = 0;
    if ((unsigned long long)end >= strlen) end = strlen-1;

    /* Precondition: end >= 0 && end < strlen, so the only condition where
     * nothing can be returned is: start > end. */
    if (start > end || strlen == 0) {
        addReply(c,shared.emptybulk);
    } else {
        addReplyBulkCBuffer(c,(char*)str+start,end-start+1);
    }
}

如果对象编码是REDIS_ENCODING_INT类型的，强制转换成字符串。

用于给指定key的值增加浮点增量：

void incrbyfloatCommand(redisClient *c) {
    long double incr, value;
    robj *o, *new, *aux;

    o = lookupKeyWrite(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    if (o != NULL && checkType(c,o,REDIS_STRING)) return;
    if (getLongDoubleFromObjectOrReply(c,o,&value,NULL) != REDIS_OK ||
        getLongDoubleFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[2],&incr,NULL) != REDIS_OK)
        return;

    value += incr;
    if (isnan(value) || isinf(value)) {
        addReplyError(c,"increment would produce NaN or Infinity");
        return;
    }
    new = createStringObjectFromLongDouble(value,1);
    if (o)
        dbOverwrite(c->db,c->argv[1],new);
    else
        dbAdd(c->db,c->argv[1],new);
    signalModifiedKey(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_STRING,"incrbyfloat",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
    server.dirty++;
    addReplyBulk(c,new);

    /* Always replicate INCRBYFLOAT as a SET command with the final value
     * in order to make sure that differences in float precision or formatting
     * will not create differences in replicas or after an AOF restart. */
    aux = createStringObject("SET",3);
    rewriteClientCommandArgument(c,0,aux);
    decrRefCount(aux);
    rewriteClientCommandArgument(c,2,new);
}

因为浮点数计算具有不确定性，所以新的值直接转成SET命令，通过rewriteClientCommandArgument改变命令的参数来让aof和slave更新新值。