具体大家可以查看:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_sharing

我们可以用一张图来说明问题：

总结一下就是cpu能从本地缓存中取数据就不会从内存中取，而内存中的数据和缓存中的数据一般都是按行读取的，也就是所谓的缓存行，一般为64个字节，当我们操作数据的时候，假如刚好多个变量在同一个缓存行的时候，多线程同时操作就会让之前的缓存行失效，导致程序效率降低，我们用一个程序来说明问题：

public final class FalseSharing implements Runnable {
	public static int NUM_THREADS = 4; // change
	public final static long ITERATIONS = 500L * 1000L * 1000L;
	private final int arrayIndex;
	private static VolatileLong[] longs;

	public FalseSharing(final int arrayIndex) {
		this.arrayIndex = arrayIndex;
	}

	public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
		Thread.sleep(10000);
		System.out.println("starting....");
		if (args.length == 1) {
			NUM_THREADS = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
		}

		longs = new VolatileLong[NUM_THREADS];
		for (int i = 0; i < longs.length; i++) {
			longs[i] = new VolatileLong();
		}
		final long start = System.nanoTime();
		runTest();
		System.out.println("duration = " + (System.nanoTime() - start));
	}

	private static void runTest() throws InterruptedException {
		Thread[] threads = new Thread[NUM_THREADS];
		for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
			threads[i] = new Thread(new FalseSharing(i));
		}
		for (Thread t : threads) {
			t.start();
		}
		for (Thread t : threads) {
			t.join();
		}
	}

	public void run() {
		long i = ITERATIONS + 1;
		while (0 != --i) {
			longs[arrayIndex].value = i;
		}
	}

	public final static class VolatileLong {
		public volatile long value = 0L;
		public long p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6;
	}
}

假如我们把:

public long p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6;

这样去除的话，性能就会降低十倍。

这也就是为什么jetty在实现BlockingArrayQueue的时候，会加上以下代码：

    private long _space0;
    private long _space1;
    private long _space2;
    private long _space3;
    private long _space4;
    private long _space5;
    private long _space6;
    private long _space7;

在c的程序中，例如nginx也有类似的实现：

typedef union  
{  
  erts_smp_rwmtx_t rwmtx;  
  byte cache_line_align_[ERTS_ALC_CACHE_LINE_ALIGN_SIZE(sizeof(erts_smp_rwmtx_t))];  
}erts_meta_main_tab_lock_t;  
erts_meta_main_tab_lock_t main_tab_lock[16]

最后大家有兴趣可以看下这篇文章：

https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/avoiding-and-identifying-false-sharing-among-threads/